المحادثات اليومية لمتعلّمي اللغة الانجليزية: “جميع الناس خُلقوا متساوين” [تسجيل صوتي]

تدور هذه السلسلة من “المحادثات اليومية” بين أفراد أسرة عن تجاربهم خلال رحلة يقومون بها إلى الولايات المتحدة الخمسين. شاركهم التجربة خلال جولاتهم حيث يكتشفون ثقافة الولايات المتحدة وتاريخها، ويطلعون على مزايا كل ولاية. تستهدف هذه المحادثات متعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية من المستوى المتوسط أو أعلى.

في هذه المحادثة، يعتزم أفراد العائلة القيام برحلة إلى مدينة غيتيسبرغ ، بولاية بنسلفانيا، ذلك المكان الذي يحتل مكانة هامة في تاريخ الحرب الأهلية الأميركية.

Paul: I know that you want to go to Philadelphia, but first we’re going to spend some time in Gettysburg. It’s an important historical place.

Gina: Absolutely. The U.S. might be different today if the Confederate States Army had won the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War.

Claudine: Why was that battle so important?

Paul: It was a turning point in the war. The Confederate Army tried to invade the North, but the Union Army won the battle. The Confederate Army retreated.

Gina: And shortly after the Union won the battle, President Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address.

Paul: And in his speech, he reminded people of the Founding Fathers’ idea that “all men are created equal.”

Claudine: I believe that. All men and women deserve the same freedoms and rights. I think I’m going to like Gettysburg.

والآن فلنراجع المفردات الانجليزية المستخدمة في محادثة اليوم:

Gettysburg (غيتيسبرغ) is an area in the state of Pennsylvania. It is the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the largest battles of the American Civil War.

A Confederate (الجندي أو الشخص الكونفدرالي) was a soldier or person who supported the Confederacy during the Civil War in the United States. The Confederacy (or The Confederate States of America) consisted of states in the southern region of the U.S. The Confederacy declared its secession (secession: the act of separating from a nation) from the U.S. following the election of President Lincoln. President Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery (and later ended slavery), which the Confederacy did not agree with. The U.S. government rejected the Confederacy’s secession.

The Battle of Gettysburg (معركة غيتيسبرغ) was a three-day battle (July 1–3, 1863) during the American Civil War. It had the largest number of casualties (casualties: the people who are killed or injured) in the entire war.

A turning point (نقطة تحوّل أو منعطف) is a time when an important change takes place.

In a battle, to retreat (تراجع أو تقهقر) is to move away from the opposing side.

The American Civil War (الحرب الأهلية الأميركية) (or, simply the Civil War) (الحرب الأهلية) was a war between the Confederacy (الكونفدرالية) (sometimes called the South) and the Union (الاتحاد) (sometimes called the North). The war was fought from 1861 to 1865 to decide if the Confederacy would become independent. After four years of fighting, the Confederacy lost and slavery was abolished (abolished: officially ended).

President Abraham Lincoln (الرئيس أبرهام لنكون) was the 16th president of the United States. He served from 1861 until he was killed in April 1865. Lincoln led the U.S. through the Civil War, abolished slavery in the U.S., and strengthened the government.

The Gettysburg Address (خطاب غيتيسبرغ) was a speech given by President Lincoln a few months after theBattle of Gettysburg. In his speech, he reminded the audience of the Founding Fathers’ ideas for the future.

The Founding Fathers (الآباء المؤسِّسون) refers to some of the individuals of the first U.S. colonies who helped separate from the rule of the British government, leading to the formation of the United States. A few key Founding Fathers include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington.